ืขื•"ื“ ื“ื•ื“ ืกืขืจ

ื™ืœื™ื“ 1952, ื ืฉื•ื™ + 5. ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ โ€“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืงืจื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™"ืจ ื•ืชื•ืชื—ื ื™ื.

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืกืขืจ

ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืžืžื›ืœืœืช ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžื•ืกืžืš ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ.

ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ. ืžื•ืกืžืš ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช "ื ื™ื• ืคื•ืจื˜ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”".

ื‘ืขืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช C.L.U ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ "the American College Of Life Underwriters", ื‘ืขืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.

ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™.

ื˜ืจื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื, ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ืกื•ืคืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›-15 ืฉื ื™ื.

ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื, ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ืžืœ.

ื”ืจืฆื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืงืจืืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืชืžื—ื” ื•ืžื•ืจืฉื”.

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1996 ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™ 2001 ื”ื•ืกืžืš ื›ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ.

ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืกืžื›ืชื• ืคืชื— ืžืฉืจื“ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืชื•: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื ื›ื•ืช, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืคื ืกื™ื”.

ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื ื•ืกืคื• ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื•ืฆื‘ืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ืขื•"ื“ ืกืขืจ ื”ืจืฆื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืžืจืฆื” ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.

ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ